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Showing posts from May 21, 2023

Islamic Art?

Both articles require subscription Toward a clear vision of ‘Islamic’ art ‘Islamic’ culture: a groundless myth Related Claim: Europe’s great cathedrals owe much to muslim craftsmen. The claim that  Europe's great cathedrals owe much to Muslim craftsmen  is  historically accurate and well-supported by architectural evidence, historical records, and recent research . Architectural historians, such as Diana Darke in her books  Stealing from the Saracens  and  Islamesque , demonstrate that crucial engineering features and master stonemasons from the Islamic world fundamentally shaped Romanesque and Gothic architecture.  [1, 2, 3, 4]  Core Architectural Features Derived from Islam Many of the definitive elements seen in iconic Christian cathedrals were originally invented, tested, or perfected in the Islamic world:  [5, 6, 7]  The Pointed Arch : Essential to Gothic height. It was used in the 7th-century  Dome of the Rock  in Jerusal...
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Ų§Ł„ŲµŁˆŲ±Ų© Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų®Ų±Ł‰ Ł„ŲŖŲ§Ų±ŁŠŲ® Ų§Ł„Ų³ŁˆŲÆŲ§Ł†

Ų±ŲØŁ…Ų§ Ł„Ų§ Ł†ŲŖŁŁ‚ Ł…Ų¹ ŲØŲ¹Ų¶ Ł…Ų§ Ų¬Ų§Ų” ŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲ­Ł„ŁŠŁ„، ŁˆŁ„ŁƒŁ† ŁŠŲ¹Ų·ŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ł…Ł‚Ų§Ł„ Ų¬Ų±ŲÆŲ§ Ų¹Ų§Ł…Ų§ Ł…ŁŁŠŲÆŲ§ Ł„Ų§ Ł†Ų¹Ų«Ų± Ų¹Ł„ŁŠŁ‡ ŁŁŠ ŁˆŲ³Ų§Ų¦Ł„ Ų§Ł„Ų„Ų¹Ł„Ų§Ł… Ų§Ł„Ł…Ł‡ŁŠŁ…Ł†Ų© "Ų«ŁˆŲ±Ų§ŲŖ Ł…َŁ†ْŲ³ِŁŠّŲ©"
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Le Bourgeois et la RĆ©volution

Cet article reflĆØte la sĆ©paration de l'Ć©conomique du culturel. AprĆØs tout, la bourgeoisie est une classe dĆ©finie par son rapport Ć  la production et Ć  la propriĆ©tĆ© ; Ć  son rĆ“le Ć©conomique de domination. Ce rĆ“le doit Ć©galement ĆŖtre abordĆ© et ne pas ĆŖtre sĆ©parĆ© de l'oppression en gĆ©nĆ©ral.
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Ł‚Ł…Ų© Ų¬Ų§Ł…Ų¹Ų© Ų§Ł„ŲÆŁˆŁ„ Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ų±ŲØŁŠŲ©

  ŁŠŲ§ Ų­ŁƒŲ§Ł… Ų§Ł„Ų“Ų±Ł‚ Ų§Ł„ŁƒŲ±Ł…Ų§Ų” Ł…Ł† Ł…Ł†ŁƒŁ… Ł„Ł… ŁŠŁƒŲ“Ł Ų¹Ł† Ų£Ł†ŁŠŲ§ŲØŁ‡ Ų­ŲŖŁ‰ Ł„Ų¢Ł† ŁŠŲ§ Ų­ŁƒŲ§Ł… Ų§Ł„Ų“Ų±Ł‚ Ų§Ł„ŁƒŲ±Ł…Ų§Ų” Ł…Ł† Ł…Ł†ŁƒŁ… Ł„Ł… ŁŠŁƒŲ“Ł Ų¹Ł† Ų£Ł†ŁŠŲ§ŲØŁ‡ Ų­ŲŖŁ‰ Ł„Ų¢Ł† Ł…Ł† Ł…Ų§ Ų²Ų§Ł„ ŁŠŁˆŲ²Ų¹ Ų¶Ų­ŁƒŲŖŁ‡ Ų§Ł„ŲµŁŲ±Ų§Ų” ŁˆŁŠŲØŲ±Ł‚ ŁŁŠ Ų¹ŁŠŁ†ŁŠŁ‡ Ų§Ł„Ų¬ŁˆŲ¹ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŁ…ŁˆŁŠ Ų§Ł„ŁƒŲ§Ł…Ł† ŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ų£Ų³Ł†Ų§Ł† Ł…Ł† Ł…Ł†ŁƒŁ… Ł„Ł… ŁŠŲ³Ł‚Ų· ŲØŲ¹ŲÆ Ł‚Ł†Ų§Ų¹ Ų§Ł„ŁˆŲ·Ł†ŁŠŲ© Ł‡Ų°Ł‡ Ų§Ł„Ų·ŁŁ„Ų© Ł…Ų§ Ų²Ų§Ł„ŲŖ ŲŖŲ­Ł…Ł„ Ų§Ų³Ł… ŁŁ„Ų³Ų·ŁŠŁ† ŁˆŁ…Ų§ Ų²Ų§Ł„ŲŖ Ų­ŁŠŲ© Ł…Ł† Ł…Ł†ŁƒŁ… Ł„Ł… ŁŠŁ„Ł‚ ŲØŲ£Ų“ŁˆŲ§Łƒ Ų§Ł„ŲŗŲÆŲ± Ų¹Ł„Ł‰ ŲÆŲ±ŲØ Ų§Ł„Ų·ŁŁ„Ų© ŲŖŲ­ŲØŁˆ Ł…Ł†Ų·Ł„Ł‚Ų© Ł…Ł† Ł…Ł†ŁƒŁ… Ł„Ł… ŁŠŲŗŁ…ŲÆ Ų®Ł†Ų¬Ų±Ł‡ ŁŁŠ Ų¬Ł†ŲØŁŠŁ‡Ų§ Ł…Ł† Ł„Ł… ŁŠŲ“Ų±ŲØ Ł…Ł† ŲÆŁ…Ł‡Ų§ Ų§Ł„ŲŗŲ§Ų¦Ų± ŁƒŲ§Ł„Ų£Ł…Ų·Ų§Ų± Ł…Ł† Ł„Ł… ŁŠŲ³Ų±Ł‚ Ų¬ŁŁ†Ų§ Ł…Ł† Ų¹ŁŠŁ†ŁŠŁ‡Ų§ Ł…Ł† Ł„Ł… ŁŠŁ‚Ų·Ų¹ Ł…Ł† Ł‡Ų°ŁŠ Ų§Ł„ŁˆŲ±ŲÆŲ© ŁˆŲ±Ł‚Ų© —Ł…Ł‚ŲŖŲ·Ł Ł…Ł† Ł‚ŲµŁŠŲÆŲ© Ų§Ł„Ł…Ų®ŲŖŲ§Ų± Ų§Ł„Ł„ŲŗŁ…Ų§Ł†ŁŠ Ų­ŁŲ±ŁŠŲ§ŲŖ ŁŁŠ Ų¬Ų³ŲÆ Ų¹Ų±ŲØŁŠ
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