Even some of the best researchers make terrible blunders. Here is my email to Jared Diamond: It's a fascinating book [ Guns, Germs and Steel ] and I salute you for your approach and research. I am on p. 216 (1999 edition.) of your book. I was struck by this statement: "For example, today almost all Japanese and Scandinavians are literate but most Iraqis are not: why did writing nevertheless arise nearly four thousand years earlier in Iraq?" The CIA World Factbook ( quoted by wikipedia ) estimates that in 2000 the adult literacy rate in Iraq was 84 percent for males and 64 percent for females, with UN figures suggesting a small fall in literacy of Iraqis aged 15–24 between 2000 and 2008, from 84.8% to 82.4. That despite the sactions and the invasion and its consequences. Under the brutal dictatorship of Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi education system was one of the best if not the best among the Arab countries.
“The West won the world not by the superiority of its ideas or values or religion (to which few members of other civilizations were converted) but rather by its superiority in applying organized violence. Westerners often forget this fact; non-Westerners never do.” —Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilisation and the Remaking of the World Order, 1996, p. 51