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Stefan Zweig vs. Hannah Arendt on Nationalism, the Nation-State and the Non-Europeans

Stefan Zweig , reflecting on his deep anti-nationalist, cosmopolitan, and pan-European ideals: “I regard the national idea as dangerous. I know and love individual human beings, I love languages and their diverse spirits. But in states I see only contingent forms. What am I, for example? German, if we are attached to Germany; Austrian, if the Entente forces us to be independent; Czechoslovak, because my father is a German from Bohemia and we might perhaps be annexed tomorrow; Jewish, if the Jews become a national minority. Like me, millions of people do not know what they are.” Context of the Quote Zweig wrote this during the turbulent geopolitical shifts in Central Europe following World War I and leading up to World War II. As an Austrian-born Jewish writer who wrote in German, his legal identity kept changing at the whim of shifting borders, treaties, and annexations. This quote beautifully encapsulates his lifelong philosophy: he refused to align his identity with arbitrary politic...

Distorting, Fabricating, Denying History

Claims on Facebook Claim: China’s most infamous traitor, General Wu Sangui; the guy who opened the gates of the Great Wall and allowed the Manchu hordes to invade China.  Why would someone compare that with Merkel in Germany accepting a million or so refugees? While rhetorically powerful for anti-immigration commentators, the comparison collapses under historical scrutiny: Intent and Motivation:  General Wu Sangui acted out of  military desperation and personal vengeance  to defeat domestic rebels, knowing he was allying with an invading military force. Merkel acted out of  humanitarian duty  to address a massive humanitarian crisis during the Syrian civil war. Nature of the Influx:  Wu Sangui let in a  highly organized, hostile military army  intent on conquest and regime change. Merkel accepted  disarmed, displaced civilian refugees  seeking asylum under international law. The Outcome:  Wu’s actions immediately led to the...