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Arabie Saudite

Dans l’euphorie, certains observateurs commencent à parler de « printemps de Riyad » et de « postwahhabisme ». Mais le désenchantement intervient vite. Dès que la conjoncture économique s’améliore et que la situation politique se clarifie, le régime revient peu à peu aux fondamentaux et ferme la parenthèse « libérale ». Après 2011, les choses s’accélèrent. L’Arabie saoudite inaugure une « contre-révolution » préventive, dont le fer de lance est le wahhabisme. Alors que les budgets de l’institution religieuse sont augmentés, les oppositions séculaire et islamiste sont muselées. Le régime affiche également son respect de l’orthodoxie wahhabite dans l’espace public, notamment en appliquant rigoureusement la peine de mort et les châtiments corporels, tout en promouvant le discours antichiite. En contrepartie, les oulémas font une petite concession : les femmes sont autorisées à voter aux élections municipales (le seul scrutin à être organisé dans le royaume) et à siéger dans certaines instances gouvernementales pour faire illusion.

Petits arrangements avec le wahhabisme

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